Learning path

Python

A beginner-friendly language used for automation, data and AI.

Start with lesson 1

1

Python Introduction

What Python is, why it's the most popular first programming language, what people build with it, and your first Python program.
4 min read
2

Installing Python

Install Python 3 on Windows, macOS or Linux, check it works, use the interactive shell, run your first .py file, and set up VS Code for Python.
5 min read
3

Python Syntax

The basic grammar of Python: statements, indentation and blocks, comments and docstrings, long lines, naming rules and reading error messages.
4 min read
4

Python Variables

Create variables with assignment, understand that names refer to objects, assign several values at once, swap values, use constants, and print variables with f-strings.
4 min read
5

Python Data Types

Python's built-in types (int, float, str, bool, None, list, tuple, dict and set), checking types, converting between them, and truthy and falsy values.
4 min read
6

Python Strings

Create strings, index and slice them, use the essential string methods, format text with f-strings, and loop over characters.
4 min read
7

Python Numbers

Integers and floats, all arithmetic operators, rounding, the math and random modules, exact money calculations with Decimal, and formatting numbers.
4 min read
8

Python Lists

Create, index, slice and change lists; add, remove, sort and search items; copy lists safely; and write list comprehensions.
4 min read
9

Python Tuples and Sets

Use tuples for fixed groups of values and unpacking, and sets for unique items, fast membership tests and set operations like union and intersection.
4 min read
10

Python Dictionaries

Store key-value data in dictionaries: read safely with get, add, update and delete keys, loop over items, nest data, count things, and use dictionary comprehensions.
5 min read
11

Python If/Else

Make decisions with if, elif and else, combine conditions with and, or and not, use membership and identity tests, conditional expressions, and match statements.
5 min read
12

Python Loops

Repeat code with for and while loops, use range, enumerate and zip, control loops with break, continue and else, and avoid common loop bugs.
4 min read
13

Python Functions

Define functions with def, use parameters, return values, default and keyword arguments, *args and **kwargs, type hints, docstrings, scope and lambda.
5 min read
14

Python Modules

Import modules, explore the standard library, write your own modules, understand if __name__ == "__main__", and organise code into packages.
5 min read
15

Python Files

Read and write text files safely with open() and with, process files line by line, append data, work with CSV files, and handle paths with pathlib.
5 min read
16

Python Errors and Exceptions

Handle errors with try, except, else and finally, catch specific exceptions, raise your own, create custom exception classes, and read tracebacks.
5 min read
17

Python Classes and Objects

Object-oriented programming in Python: define classes, create objects, use __init__, attributes and methods, class attributes, special methods, properties, inheritance and dataclasses.
6 min read
18

Python pip and Packages

Install third-party packages from PyPI with pip, isolate projects with virtual environments, record dependencies in requirements.txt, and choose packages safely.
4 min read
19

Python JSON and APIs

Convert between Python and JSON, save and load JSON files, call web APIs with urllib and requests, send data with POST, handle errors and keep API keys secret.
5 min read
20

Python Project: Simple Expense Tracker

Build a command-line expense tracker step by step with a dataclass, functions, JSON storage, error handling, reports by category and month, and CSV export.
6 min read